Best ubuntu builds. Rating of the best Linux distributions: which one is better. Most customizable distribution: Arch Linux.
Linux OS comes in different versions, called distributions or distros for short (distributions :). Usually, each of them includes the Linux kernel, libraries and utilities from the GNU project, as well as various applications (programs), such as word processors, players, etc.
Unbelievable, but it is believed that there are over 600 linux distributions, of which 300 are actually supported. Of course, the vast majority of them are highly specialized, and they have a limited number of users. But one way or another they are, and this is only a plus!
All this versatility comes at a price; The operating system seems decidedly old school. The icons and desktop look like something from the 90s. Everything is where you expect it, with the software menu in the lower left corner and the taskbar and clock in the lower right corner. The biggest surprise is the pre-installed apps.
There are even transparency effects and a fantastic animated dock at the bottom of your programs. The standard color scheme is blue and gray, giving everything an elegant metallic look and apart from some slightly hobbyist icons in the main Menu, it looks very professional. We've written a helpful guide that walks you through the entire process, which you can read.
However, a significant number of distributions are quite popular, although none of them compare in popularity to. And no matter how popular Windows is today, many have already thrown it away, burn it with a blue flame!
Some of the more well-known distributions are listed here, roughly according to their popularity as reported on the website. distrowatch.com... But, of course, there are too many of them to name all, so don't be upset if you don't see your favorites in the table.
Best Linux distributions for Games
Later, other distributions adopted the concept of live mode to help potential users test the system. Being extremely lightweight distribution, it is quite suitable for really old and low power systems. The project also develops its own artwork. The mint's reputation for usability has been further strengthened by the inclusion of proprietary and proprietary multimedia codecs, which are often missing from large distributions due to potential legal threats.
Most popular Linux distributions
Fedora Red Hat Sponsored Developer Community Distribution
A distribution based on Ubuntu and compatible with Ubuntu
Opensuse A distribution derived from Slackware and funded by Novell
Volunteer non-profit distribution
Mandriva Red Hat modification popular in France and Brazil
It doesn't disappoint you, there is always always something for everyone. Most of the developers were also designers. Installing proprietary graphics drivers is not an easy task, but you can find third-party repositories. It's also extremely customizable and it just comes with a foundation and it's up to you how to build whatever you need.
Note. Easy to set up - just install it and you're ready to go. ... Not recommended for beginners. Depends on what you are going to use. Fully customizable - you choose which packages, desktop environments, etc. you are going to use. You only install the packages and features that you need. ... Lightweight and lightweight in the system.
PCLinuxOS Mandriva Derived Distribution
A tiny distribution that runs on computers with 64 MB of RAM
Sabayon Gentoo based distribution
Arch An independent distribution targeted at knowledgeable Linux users
CentOS 100% compatible modification of the commercial Red Hat Enterprise Linux distribution
Minimum Hardware Requirements for Rebel Mint
Full of possibilities, but quite lightweight. One of the lightest distributions. Not much is needed, but more is recommended. "So Cool Ice Cubes Are Jealous" - straight from their website. But it would be great if you had more. Beautiful, cool, smooth, intuitive, simple.
Not the easiest system, but very powerful and flexible. Free, beautiful, convenient and fully functional. Minimum Requirements may differ depending on the version you choose. Various options to choose from. Has most choices. Default version requirements.
MEPIS Based on Debian distribution Linux for desktop
Slackware One of the first Linux distributions
Kubuntu Ubuntu versionusing the KDE desktop environment
Gentoo FreeBSD-like distribution for competent users
Ubuntu Studio An audio and video intensive version of Ubuntu
Minimum hardware requirements
Uses its own custom desktop environment. Since it is modular, you can install any software you like. Extremely lightweight, especially if you are using a text edition. Depends on edition, but they are all pretty lightweight.
Time-tested old school things
One of the most popular distributions. Depends on which version you are using, but still very lightweight. Lightweight and ready to use out of the box. Has a custom "work environment" - Moksha. ... Although, this is not recommended for beginners. There is extensive documentation, so if you want to know more about this, you can.
Xubuntu Ubuntu version using Xfce Desktop environment
Red Hat Fedora descendant maintained by Red Hat
Edubuntu Descendant of Ubuntu, designed for use in educational institutions and schools
One of the reasons there are so many distributions is that they are all developed for specific purposes. For example, some distributions are created as universal and designed for users with different skill levels, ranging from beginners to competent specialists.
This list is quite long, so there must be some errors or typographical errors, although we reviewed it several times. If you're feeling generous, you can also donate and help us keep writing more content like this. to receive additional information... These findings are not drawn from an official survey.
They do not correlate with either usage or quality and should not be used to measure the market share of an allocation. Anything about truth, but for better or worse, this is also the best data we have. Fans vote for their favorites even if they can't use it. significantly more skewed than our actual browser statistics. Well, there are a lot of other people though. These people will also be mostly new computer users.
Other variations are created for different computers, ranging from junior models to high-performance ones. In addition, there are distributions designed for educational, music, graphics, office or other tasks.
Some distributions come with a minimal set of additional software and a significantly truncated kernel, which makes them suitable for use in embedded systems, such as routers or, while others include all imaginable functionality.
For power users looking for control
Netbooks are like regular laptops, but with smaller screens they use less power but also have less powerful hardware. It does not have a graphical installation interface. Instead, there is a screen with configuration files that need to be configured to match your network and system setup. This allows the user to adapt the system from scratch versus a "user-friendly" distribution, where you can get a standard set of packages and have to remove those you don't need.
The first step is to decide what you will be using linux for.
Before placing the system on hDD you can try to run it in an emulator (virtualbox, qemu or any other) or write to an optical disk / usb flash drive and boot from cd / dvd-rom / usb.
Don't call it a clone because it's just not true. Be a strong user or newbie, everything will feel right at home. Chinese is not the only language choice. While reading "Chinese spread" can be intimidating for those outside of China, it really isn't that bad.
The operating system is working very hard to make it so that someone can pick it up and get along without it without a problem. In addition, it has a third-party section that will provide users with the ability to meet their software needs.
There are a lot of articles on the Internet, the authors of which praise different distributions and advise installing only them. But don't be in a hurry. Try a few pieces and choose what you like best.
If you are a beginner and have never dealt with Linux, then it makes sense to install the distribution kit that a familiar Linux user has.
equipment requirements
At first glance, you would swear that these are just superficial changes meant to be copied, but this is wrong. In fact, many operating Systemsthat we talked about get very complicated to implement the features to be shared. Even if you're just curious, try them. It was created by the Finnish student name Linus Torvalds. It also adds a custom desktop and menus, several unique configuration tools, and a web-based package installation interface.
It is distributed as free and open source software. However, it is also popular on servers and cloud computing. It is primarily a free operating system software for personal computers, designed for ease of use. It is considered a rolling release.
Now I will try to go over the most popular distributions and describe the advantages and disadvantages of each.
Time-tested old school things
Knoppix
Debian
A very nice and convenient distribution. Suitable for both server and desktop. Huge development team, many packages available. Debian has a very convenient APT package management system and is flexible enough in configuration. When accessing the Internet, there are five branches in the main directory tree to choose from - "oldstable" (previous stable), "stable", "testing", "unstable" (also known as "sid" ) and "experimental", which is not a full-fledged branch - it contains packages that require careful testing or that will entail major changes in the distribution.
Of the shortcomings, it can be noted that the stable version contains not the newest versions of programs (who would have thought?).
http://www.debian.org/ is the official site.
Unlike conventional software distribution, the user compiles the source code locally according to the user's chosen configuration. A distribution is a complete operating system, consisting of a kernel and utilities along with various application programs.
Best Enterprise Server Distribution: RHEL
In addition to the official versions listed below, unofficial versions may also be available in additional languages \u200b\u200band for additional processors. The red flag may become the most popular distribution due to the huge potential of the Chinese market. Available in Simplified Chinese, English, and Japanese.
Gentoo
Source-based distribution. The distribution has a convenient system for managing packages and dependencies, which cannot be said about binary distributions.
One of the drawbacks is the tedious process of compiling large packages and the non-zero likelihood of system breakdown after the next update with insufficient knowledge of this system.
Another drawback is the need for an Internet connection to download updates (I think this can be neglected these days).
Available for multiple processors and multiple languages. However, it is not considered particularly user-friendly due to at least for new users. Development is privately carried out and public beta versions are not released for testing. Languages \u200b\u200binclude English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish.
It is designed for both 32-bit and 64-bit systems. Available in English, Japanese, Traditional Chinese, and Simplified Chinese. The main goal of the project is ease of use for people with little computer experience.
The advantages are a huge amount of documentation, fresh software versions, good hardware support, incredible flexibility in customization.
I recommend this distribution as a home distribution, provided that your hardware is not very weak. Also used on servers or as a distribution kit for embedded systems (thanks to the customization flexibility I mentioned above). In the case of low-power hardware, packages are compiled (cross-compiled) on the main system, and then simply installed on the target.
Best laptop OS: Ubuntu MATE
Originally available at english language... The developers claim that this project is completely legal. Available in English, French, German, Italian and Spanish. This is great, but can it do much more? Have you really tried all the high-profile distros? Could there be another distro that is better than yours in a key area like security, performance, or documentation?
We wanted to see which distributions excel in some important areas to find out who is leading the charge here in the mid-end. In such tests, it is often possible to link some distributions together because they are so closely related. In any case, we want to provide you with all the information you need to make an informed choice of the best distribution for you.
Slackware
The oldest surviving distribution kit, the choice of Russian physicists (meme from lore). Its main differences are the complete absence of any unnecessary embellishments and graphical customization tools, a simple text installer. All settings are made through editing text configuration files. It is one of those distributions that has maintained a strict adherence to the UNIX principles. Try it if you're not afraid command line and prefer manual editing of configs to graphical utilities.
Best desktop distro: Linux Mint Cinnamon
So if the one you're currently using is right for the categories that matter most to you - congratulations! One is that you can decide how to do something yourself. Second, how easy it is to find a solution if you run into a problem. The other distributions we've looked at are based on the traditional desktop, and the layout should be familiar to anyone who has used a computer at any time in the past 20 years. They have a taskbar at the bottom and an application menu in the lower right corner.
For a long time it was only available for x86 architecture, but now a version is available for x86_64 too
http://www.slackware.com/ is the official site.Arch Linux
Lightweight, simple and flexible distribution. Optimized for i686 and x64, using the latest stable package versions.
It is a binary distribution, but it is possible to build packages from sources.
When beginners are not beginners
The Mint is the most popular of these. Its two main tastes are similar enough that we will consider them together. It also looks very nice, which helps give a good first impression - no one wants their new operating system to look worse than the old one. However, we cannot expect that new user learns about it. However, everyone is different and any of these distributions will make a good choice for beginners. We based this category on the idea that a beginner is not technical.
This allows you to configure most of your system from a single unified graphical application. Instead of memorizing different commands for each task, you simply launch the Control Center and make the necessary changes. An attractive environment makes everything better.
Very similar to Slackware, but has a much more powerful package management system (pacman) and is more liberal with new versions of packages.
Among the disadvantages: fewer packages than in Debian and Gentu, lack of such powerful customization tools, such as YaST in Suse.
On the plus side, you can add a more relaxed attitude towards non-free (non-free) packages than, for example, in debian.
Its category is particularly controversial for two reasons. First, what is beauty, and who defines it? Second, since almost any distribution can be made to look like any other distribution, how do we decide which looks best? These are both valid questions, but we are going to squash them with authoritarian loading. First, we know beauty when we see it, so we can define it. Secondly, we'll take a look at each distribution naked, right after installing it.
Perhaps the most impressive thing about Bodhi is how many graphic goodies he can supply with very little equipment. This makes him good choiceif you are using an excellent distribution for a low-powered machine. However, some of the graphical niceties are a bit like they're there to show off instead of making desktop use more enjoyable. Elementary takes this approach further than Cinnamon and separates the environment down to the essentials.
This is a general purpose distribution. It is successfully used both on workstations and on servers. But, like any other distribution, it takes some getting used to.
Red-Hat / CentOS
A well tested distribution that is more suitable for a server than a desktop.
CentOS differs from Red Hat only in the lack of support.
More popular
Ubuntu Linux
Probably the most popular Linux distribution in existence. Ubuntu is based on Debian Sid (unstable branch), but with more modern packages including latest version GNOME.
One of the more interesting features is the fact that account "root" is disabled by default; the first registered user after installation gets superuser rights via the "sudo" command.
Pros: large community of developers and users, fixed release schedule and support period, user-friendliness in the form of additional graphical customization tools, great work out of the box.
Cons: unstable software versions are often used in stable distributions. Also disliked by some power users due to its clear focus on housewives.
OpenSuse
Benefits: Professional attention to detail, easy-to-use YAST installation and setup system.
Disadvantages: As with other distributions developed in the US, out of the box multimedia support is limited.
Fedora
The distribution started as a Red Hat sponsored and community oriented distribution. It contains the newest versions of packages. And since a significant part of the technologies of the Linux world is born in the depths of RedHat, the first thing they, of course, get into the Fedora
Pros: Extremely innovative, fresh software, good localization.
Cons: Unstable versions of software are prone to bugs (redhat testing ground).
ALT Linux
This distribution is developed in Russia and is traditionally considered to be focused on excellent support for the Russian language. In addition, it has a FSTEC certificate, if it is important for someone.
In server versions of the distribution, great emphasis is placed on the security of network services. Pros: Excellent Russian language support, good community support.
Cons: Not always fresh software.
Other
Solaris
A distribution kit developed in the bowels of the sun microsystems company http://www.sun.com/, which gave the world such free products as mysql, virtualbox, java. In 2010, Oracle bought Sun and went its own way.
For a desktop it is better suited opensolaris
- open version (the project was closed).advantages could be called zfs, dtrace, good hardware support, convenient control services (Solaris SMF) and volume management (Solaris Volume Manager)
* BSD family
Exotic
These operating systems are used mostly for educational purposes or hobbies.
Plan9
An operating system developed by Bell Labs to overcome fundamental design flaws in UNIX. All resources are represented as files and are available in a hierarchical file system.
xLFS
Allows you to build your linux distribution step by step from the very beginning. After installing it, you can really say that you know how Linux works.
Sometimes it's just useful to read the instructions for building LFS, for general development.
conclusions
This is far from full list Linux distributions. A detailed description of each distribution can be found on the website http://distrowatch.com/ or even on Wikipedia
But choosing a distribution kit is still worth personal preference, and not based on its rating on some site or popularity.
