Lesson-presentation of the project "Familiar and unknown spruce". Forest beauty presentation Download fir tree presentation

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"Christmas tree, live!" Head: Lipatova M.A. Co-authors: Filippova E., Osokina N. The purpose of the creative project

Expand the need to preserve conifers on the planet;
Show the importance of conducting activities aimed at preserving spruce and pine as a source of life on earth;
Conduct mass agitation of students to save spruce and pine from useless pre-holiday felling.

New Year's riddles I have gifts in my bag Caramels, chocolates. Round dance around the tree, What kind of holiday? We are waiting for him today, so let's call. He brought us gifts, Come on together! We are so tired today, We are so tired today, We sang songs and danced. It's winter, but it's hot for us here. And they are waiting for us in a bag ... All smartly dressed in toys, All in garlands and firecrackers, Not prickly at all, Well, of course, this is ... The most striking attribute of the New Year holiday traditionally installed in every home is, of course, the New Year tree. The most striking attribute of the New Year's holiday, traditionally installed in every home, is, of course, the New Year tree. The custom of decorating a Christmas tree came to us from afar. Every day began to arrive, people, in anticipation of warm days, went to the forest, which warmed and fed them. There, they decorated the largest spruce tree with toys that symbolized a rich harvest in the field, an abundance of birds and animals in the forest. In ancient times, people believed that it was in the tree that the good spirit of the forest lived, protecting all living things. They came to her to perform mysterious rituals. They hung gifts on branches designed to appease the forest deity. People brought spruce branches home. Spruce and pine grow slowly. Seeds fall from the fallen cones to the ground. In the spring, a sprout as long as a mouse's tail appears from the seed, and on the top of it there are several delicate needles. It will take many years for this sprout to grow into a large tree. After all, they say not without reason: Spruce and pine grow slowly. Seeds fall from the fallen cones to the ground. In the spring, a sprout as long as a mouse's tail appears from the seed, and on the top of it there are several delicate needles. It will take many years for this sprout to grow into a large tree. After all, it is not for nothing that they say: "IT IS NOT WISE TO CUT OFF, IT IS WISE TO GROW." Spruce is a very hardy tree. Not afraid of even the most severe frosts. But the roots of the spruce grow close to the surface of the earth, so a strong wind can bring down the spruce. Spruce is a very hardy tree. Not afraid of even the most severe frosts. But the roots of the spruce grow close to the surface of the earth, so a strong wind can bring down the spruce. The pine has very strong and long roots. Pine trees can grow both among rocks and on sand, they are not afraid of winds. But what the pine is afraid of is the absence of the sun. Pine trees are very fond of sunlight and grow where it is light. The pine has very strong and long roots. Pine trees can grow both among rocks and on sand, they are not afraid of winds. But what the pine is afraid of is the absence of the sun. Pine trees are very fond of sunlight and grow where it is light. Spruce - in Russia was called "the helper of all affairs." Spruce - in Russia was called "the helper of all affairs." Long ago, our ancestors learned the healing properties of spruce. Why is the spruce so highly valued among the people? For the unique and healing resinous smell, for the beauty and generosity of her attire, for the fact that the tree is a forest doctor. First, it secretes phytoncides that fight all microbes. Secondly, the needles contain a whole bunch of vitamins. Therefore, not only folk, but also scientific medicine use it against various infections. Spruce gives timber, artificial silk, cellophane, alcohol, glycerin, cellulose, turpentine, medicine, rubber, rosin, vitamins, artificial leather, paper. Spruce is used to make musical instruments. The spruce has the most sonorous and melodious voice New Year is a favorite holiday, and in the minds of many people, the spruce is a “New Year's tree”. New Year is a favorite holiday, and in the minds of many people, spruce is a “New Year's tree”. This tradition is already endangering our coniferous forests! The planet loses thousands of hectares of forest every year. But losing small trees just like that, for the sake of one night, means not thinking about your future. The forest is the “lungs of our planet”. Trees grow slowly and there is a holiday every year. If everyone cuts down a Christmas tree for themselves, then very soon the planet will turn into a desert. Is it worth ruining a forest miracle because of a few holidays? It takes 100-120 years to grow a coniferous forest. For the New Year holidays, tens of thousands of trees and pines are cut down, which turn into garbage in 10 days. It takes 100-120 years to grow a coniferous forest. For the New Year holidays, tens of thousands of trees and pines are cut down, which turn into garbage in 10 days. Tree, grass, flowers and birds Do not always know how to defend themselves If they are destroyed On the planet we will be left alone. Each of you can save a tree, forest, planet. You just need to try. Each of you can replace a living tree with an artificial one. Each of you can save a tree, forest, planet. You just need to try. Each of you can replace a living tree with an artificial one. They bought me a tree! They bought me a tree! In the forest at the edge, they did not cut it. And they made a Christmas tree at a good factory Good uncles, funny aunts. And the forest tree remained alive, Stands at the edge, nodding its top. Who? Nobody! Just the wind, blizzards, The same beautiful spruce that has not been cut down! It is not necessary to buy an artificial spruce in the store, you can do it yourself. You just need to want and make a little effort. It is not necessary to buy an artificial spruce in the store, you can do it yourself. You just need to want and make a little effort. “The spruce in the forest should grow, To bring beauty to People. Don't chop the spruce, friends! You can't ruin beauty! "

The pine root system is well developed, the roots go deep into the soil. During a strong storm, the trunk of a pine tree resists the wind well. Spruce develops only superficial roots. During a storm, the spruce falls by the roots. Pine has 12 times more roots than spruce. Pine roots are 6 times longer.

Spruce is constantly replacing pine. Young spruce trees grow under the pines in the shade. Spruce grows, pines shade and pines die. It should be noted that this displacement of pine by spruce occurs only in moist forests with nutritious soil. Spruces do not grow in dry pine forests with poorly nutritious soil.

Pine tolerates frost and small fires well. Sprouted sprouts may die during frost. Spruce has a thin bark and superficial roots, so it does not tolerate even small fires. Any damage to the bark of pine and spruce is quickly healed by flowing resin.

Wooden architecture is one of the most important components of ancient Russian culture. Ships, fortresses, huts, bridges, mills, chapels, all peasant utensils were wooden. Pine was used very often. Thus, the pine tree rightfully occupies a special place in our history.

Literature 1. NM Verzilin. Fundamentals of botany teaching methods. - Moscow, Publishing House of Pedagogical Sciences of the RSFSR, Ecology of the Arkhangelsk Region: Textbook for students in grades 9-11 of a comprehensive school / Under. Ed. Batalova A.E., Morozova L.V. - M .: Publishing house. - at Moscow State University, “Regional component of general education. Biology "Department of Education and Science of the Administration of the Arkhangelsk Region, PSU, JSC IPPK RO, 2006

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The natural world is a beautiful world. Do not ruin him in vain!

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Compared to other trees, spruce is surprisingly slender. From a distance, it looks like the tip of a huge peak aimed at the sky - its trunk is so straight.

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Planting spruce

Ornamental seedlings and young "wild" trees dug out in the forest are equally afraid of root drying: in the air, the roots die in 15-20 minutes. When "transporting" a Christmas tree from a nearby forest, be sure to protect the roots from wind and sun - wrap it with a damp cloth, immerse it in a bucket or box. Compaction of the soil around the trunk is fatal for most spruces. They do not tolerate near groundwater, therefore, a drainage layer is needed at the landing site. When planting, the distance between tall spruce trees should be 2-3 meters, and the depth of the planting pit should be 50-70 cm. The root collar should certainly be left at ground level. The soil mixture is prepared according to the following recipe: sod land, leaf, peat, sand in a ratio of 2: 2: 1: 1. Drainage is made of broken brick and sand, its thickness is 15-20 cm. Immediately after planting, 100-150 g of nitroammofoska is applied under the plant. It is not necessary to feed the tree later.

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Spruce grows well only on nutrient-rich, well-hydrated soil. The main root of the spruce is poorly developed. Lateral roots are located in the surface layers of the soil, so the wind sometimes knocks down spruce trees, pulling them out by the roots. The crown of the spruce is pyramidal. Short and pointed needles of spruce sit alone, remaining on the branches for 5 - 7 years. Spruces live up to 250 years, reaching 40 meters in height.

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Spruce in the nursery

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In a hot dry summer, planting young spruce trees must be watered - once a week, 10-12 liters (1 bucket) for each trunk. Loosening is shallow, by 5-7 cm. Be sure to sprinkle with a layer of peat 5-6 cm, and after wintering the peat is not removed, but mixed with the ground. Spruce can also be planted in winter. It is better to cover decorative forms with spruce branches or craft paper from late autumn and early spring frosts - it happens that the needles of young seedlings suffer from frost. And adults ate quite frost-resistant and do not require protection.

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Spruce lives up to 250-300 years, and sometimes up to 500-600 years.

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Deforestation is the process of converting forested land into treeless land such as grassland, cities, wastelands and others. The most common cause of deforestation is deforestation without sufficient planting of new trees. In addition, levs can be destroyed due to natural causes such as fire, hurricane or flooding, as well as other anthropogenic factors such as acid rain. The process of deforestation is an urgent problem in many parts of the world, since it affects their ecological, climatic and socio-economic characteristics. Causes and consequences of deforestation - deforestation. More often it is illegal. Environmentalists are trying to combat this, but this is not always successful. Deforestation can occur from deforestation.

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logging

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In the Ulyanovsk region, work is underway to combat illegal logging. Illegal logging causes significant damage to forestry and the forest as an ecological system. One of the measures to counteract crimes in the field of forestry relations is the development of a unified plan for the interaction of law enforcement agencies and executive authorities of the region. Throughout the year, forests were protected in the region by permanent working groups, which include forestry specialists, representatives of the traffic police and police department. Thanks to the preventive measures taken, the volume of illegal logging and illegal timber trade has decreased in a number of areas.

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Mighty forests are our wealth

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The forest is used in various sectors of the national economy, it serves as a source of chemicals obtained during the processing of wood, bark, pine needles. Timber supplies raw materials for over 20 thousand products and products. Almost half of the timber produced in the world is used for fuel, and a third is used for the production of building materials. Wood shortages are acutely felt in all industrialized countries. In recent decades, forests of recreational and sanitary-resort areas have acquired great importance. Values \u200b\u200bof forests: Cleans the air Creates habitats for animals Protects the soil from erosion Retains precipitation (reduces surface runoff) Creates a favorable microclimate for agricultural plants Fixes sands Prevents water pollution.

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Softwood products: Turpentine, musical instruments, sap

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Furniture, resin, coniferous extracts

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We offer a solution to the problem

1. Spruce in a container 2. Artificial Christmas trees 3. New Year's compositions

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Spruce in a container. Living, growing Christmas trees in containers are becoming more and more popular today. They have a number of advantages over conventional felled Christmas trees: this is the ability to shape the tree to your liking using regular pruning, as well as saving money and time for the annual purchase of a felled tree for the winter holidays. In addition, for most of the year, such a coniferous tree serves as a living decoration of a balcony or patio. For the New Year, there are a large assortment of containers for sale.

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Using an artificial tree

Artificial tree - a construction in the form of a New Year tree, usually used during the New Year holidays. The very first artificial trees were made from wood, in the form of pyramids, decorated like a Christmas tree, or using bird feathers. Both types were invented by the Germans. Modern artificial trees are made of polyvinyl chloride; other varieties are also available, such as aluminum or fiber optic.

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Artificial reusable trees are much better than natural disposable ones. If we analyze what harm is done to nature in the production of plastic and other synthetic materials, then it’s just horror - polyvinylchloride, polyethylene, etc. with all the ensuing consequences. There is evidence that some Chinese trees are generally unsafe when using them. Coniferous forests are just the most sensitive to pollution and they suffer, precisely, from the production of "chemical" goods. What to offer as an alternative? In my opinion, the best option is still Christmas trees in pots, but this is only for an amateur. For the mass consumer - specially grown trees and harvested on plantations. Many offer bouquets.

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The use of artificial trees. Christmas-tree bouquets and handicrafts from branches, cones, etc. Compositions and decorations on New Year's theme, in the manufacture of which conifers are not used. Live trees in pots, tubs. Conifers growing outdoors near the house. Using natural trees (felled).

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There are two aspects to the use of living trees: ethical and ecological. The ethical one is that it is not humane to destroy a living tree for fun. But everyone decides for himself. The ecological aspect is that for the sake of short-term pleasure, a whole tree is cut, albeit small, but important for the ecosystem and biosphere. Of course, environmental damage is reduced if the tree is specially grown, but there is a problem of barbaric and poaching felling, as well as the disposal of trees.

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“We decorate the spruce that grows near the building. If they were offered to choose another option, they would have stopped at a felled tree. But only if these are specially grown Christmas trees, pines and fir (there are many places suitable for such cultivation, for example, land under power lines, where the forest is still regularly cleared). Then there are practically no adverse environmental consequences. Quite the opposite: it is better for forestry workers to earn money by growing Christmas trees on lands unsuitable for forest growth than by illegal "cuttings of income". And they will have the means to protect the forest from poachers. From an environmental point of view, the options for decorating dwellings can be divided as follows: The best options are a beautiful handicraft or a New Year tree or fir specially grown on the plantation. Or a bunch of spruce branches harvested at the cutting sites. But it is necessary to establish a system for recycling Christmas trees - in many countries it is already working and successfully. The middle option is a reusable artificial tree; The worst option, unacceptable from an environmental point of view, is a live Christmas tree, illegally felled in the forest, or a bouquet of spruce branches collected from growing trees.

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By preserving the forests they will be so beautiful

View all slides

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Guess what this is about?

I come with gifts, I shine with bright lights, smart, funny, for the New Year I am the main

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Norway spruce

About 35 types of spruce are known.
Most common
Norway spruce (Picea abies). It grows on a huge area in northern and central Europe, Finland, the European part of Russia, then it crosses the Urals and, occupying almost all of Siberia, reaches Altai and the Amur.
Lives on average up to 250-300 years (sometimes up to 600). Reaches a height of 50 m.

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Spruce is a sacred tree

Spruce was considered a sacred tree among many European peoples. Even the ancient Germanic tribes had a custom: on the eve of a military campaign, the leaders came to the spruce forests, respectfully stopped in front of the trees and pronounced mysterious incantations. And on the paws of an evergreen tree, various gifts and decorations were hung to appease the forest spirit. People believed that it was in the crown of the fluffy beauty that this spirit lived.

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Christmas tree

The New Year tree is one of the main symbols of the New Year celebrations in Russia.

In Western Europe, North America and in most countries of the world, the tree is an attribute of the celebration of Christmas.

The Christmas tree is a coniferous tree (mostly spruce or fir, less often pine), decorated with garlands, glass and plastic toys, candles and sweets. Installed during the New Year holiday in homes or on the street.

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A bit of history ...

There is a version that the first New Year tree was erected on the square of the city of Celeste in Alsace in 1521.

The first Christmas tree decoration - a glass ball - appeared in Saxony in the 16th century.

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New year in Russia

The custom of celebrating the New Year was brought to Russia by Peter I.

The first New Year holidays in Russia were arranged according to the Tsar's decree in 1700.

The custom of celebrating Christmas with a Christmas tree was finally established in the middle of the 19th century.

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Spruce application

Spruce wood is soft, light, not very strong, it is used as a building material (boards, beams), for small crafts, for the production of paper.

Musical instruments made of spruce have an amazing sound, because the fibers in the wood are very evenly distributed (such wood is called resonant). Violins by Italian craftsmen, including Amati and Stradivari, are made from spruce.

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Christmas trees under threat

Every year in Russia on the eve of the New Year, 4 million trees are illegally cut down. And in the world there are hundreds of millions.

This began to threaten the ecology of the planet. In the vicinity of large cities and in densely populated regions of the country, such logging can cause significant damage to the forest and disrupt the process of its natural regeneration.

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Damage to nature is done only if New Year's trees are poached, where they cannot be cut down. Especially if the best young trees are cut.

A one-meter tree grows in 3 years.

It takes 6-7 years to grow one medium-sized Christmas tree.

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How to distinguish a poaching tree?

It is impossible to do this by the appearance of the spruce. To avoid the purchase of "poaching" products, it is better to buy the New Year's tree only in specially organized markets, where sellers have invoices for the trees for sale, and buyers are given a receipt. Live Christmas trees sold "by hand" are most likely of poaching origin!

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citizens do not have the right to independently harvest spruce and other conifers for the New Year holidays.

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Steps to protect the ecology of forests

Production and sale of artificial trees.